150 necessary commands for Linux operation, speed collection!

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The linux command is a command to manage the Linux system. For a Linux system, whether it is the central processing unit, memory, disk drive, keyboard, mouse, or user, etc., are files, and the commands managed by the Linux system are the core of its normal operation, similar to the previous DOS commands.

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There are two types of linux commands in the system: built-in shell commands and Linux commands.

Order	Function Description
Online query and help commands (2)
man	See command help, a dictionary of commands, and more complex info, but not very often.
help	See help for Linux built-in commands, such as the cd command.
File and directory manipulation commands (18)
ls	Quanpin list, the function is to list the content of the directory and its content attribute information.
cd	All spell change directory, the function is to switch from the current working directory to the specified working directory.
cp	Quanpin copy, whose function is to copy files or directories.
find	The meaning of search is used to find the directory and the files in the directory.
mkdir	All spell make directories, its function is to create directories.
mv	Quanpin move, its function is to move or rename files.
pwd	Quanpin print working directory, its function is to display the absolute path of the current working directory.
rename	Used to rename files.
rm	Quanpin remove, its function is to delete one or more files or directories.
rmdir	All spells remove empty directories, the function is to delete empty directories.
touch	Creates a new empty file, changing the timestamp attribute of an existing file.
tree	The function is to display the contents of the directory in a tree structure.
basename	Displays the file name or directory name.
dirname	Displays the file or directory path.
chattr	Change the extended attributes of the file.
lsattr	View file extension properties.
file	Displays the type of file.
md5sum	Calculate and verify the MD5 value of the file.
View file and content processing commands (21)
cat	All spell concatenate, the function is to connect multiple files and print to the screen output or redirect to the specified file.
tac	tac is the reverse spelling of cat, so the function of the command is to display the contents of the file in reverse.
more	Display file contents in pagination.
less	Pagination to display the contents of a file, the opposite of the more command.
head	Displays the header of the file content.
tail	Displays the tail of the file content.
cut	Split each line of the file by the specified delimiter and output.
split	Split the file into different small pieces.
paste	Merge file contents line by line.
sort	Sort the text content of the file.
uniq	Remove duplicate lines. oldboy
wc	Count the number of lines, words or bytes of a file.
iconv	The encoding format of the converted file.
dos2unix	Convert DOS format files to UNIX format.
diff	Quanpin difference, compare the differences of files, often used for text files.
vimdiff	A command-line visual file comparison tool, often used for text files.
rev	Reverse output file contents.
grep/egrep	Filter string, the third of the Three Musketeers.
join	Merge by same field of two files.
tr	Replace or delete characters.
vi/vim	Command line text editor.
File compression and decompression commands (4)
tar	Pack and compress. oldboy
unzip	unzip files.
gzip	gzip compression tool.
zip	Compression tool.
Information display commands (11)
uname	Commands that display information about the operating system.
hostname	Displays or sets the hostname of the current system.
dmesg	Displays power-on information for diagnosing system failures.
uptime	Display system running time and load.
stat	Displays the status of a file or file system.
du	Calculate disk space usage.
df	Reports file system disk space usage.
top	Real-time display of system resource usage.
free	View system memory.
date	Display and set the system time.
cal	View time information such as the calendar.
search file command (4)
which	Find binary commands, according to the environment variable PATH path.
find	Traverse from disk to find a file or directory.
whereis	Find binary commands, according to the environment variable PATH path.
locate	Find commands from the database (/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db), use updatedb to update the library.
User management commands (10)
useradd	Add user.
usermod	Modify user attributes that already exist in the system.
userdel	delete users.
groupadd	Add user groups.
passwd	Modify user password.
chage	Modify the validity period of the user password.
id	View the user's uid, gid and the user group they belong to.
su	Switch user identity.
visudo	Exclusive commands for editing the /etc/sudoers file.
sudo	Execute commands previously allowed in the sudoers file as another user (default root).
Basic network operation commands (11)
telnet	Log in remotely using the TELNET protocol.
ssh	Log in remotely using the SSH encryption protocol.
scp	Full spell secure copy, used to copy files between different hosts.
wget	Download the file from the command line.
ping	Test network connectivity between hosts.
route	Displays and sets the routing table of the linux system.
ifconfig	Commands to view, configure, enable or disable network interfaces.
ifup	Start the network card.
ifdown	Turn off the network card.
netstat	Check the network status.
ss	Check the network status.
Deep Network Operation Commands (9)
nmap	Network scan command.
lsof	The full name is list open files, which is to list the files that have been opened in the system.
mail	Send and receive mail.
mutt	Mail management commands.
nslookup	Commands to interactively query Internet DNS servers.
dig	Look up the DNS resolution process.
host	Command to query DNS.
traceroute	Track data transfer routing status.
tcpdump	A command-line packet capture tool.
Commands related to disks and filesystems (16)
mount	Mount the filesystem.
umount	Unmount the file system.
fsck	Check and repair the Linux file system.
dd	Convert or copy files.
dumpe2fs	Export ext2/ext3/ext4 file system information.
dump	ext2/3/4 file system backup tool.
fdisk	Disk partition commands, applicable to disk partitions under 2TB.
parted	Disk partition command, no disk size limit, commonly used for disk partitions below 2TB.
mkfs	Format creates a Linux file system.
partprobe	Update the hard disk partition table information of the kernel.
e2fsck	Check ext2/ext3/ext4 type file system.
mkswap	Create a Linux swap partition.
swapon	Enable swap partition.
swapoff	Close the swap partition.
sync	Write the data in the memory buffer to disk.
resize2fs	Resize ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems.
Commands related to system permissions and user authorization (4)
chmod	Change file or directory permissions.
chown	Change the owner and group of a file or directory.
chgrp	Change the file user group.
umask	Display or set the permission mask.
Commands to view system user login information (7)
whoami	Displays the current valid user name, equivalent to executing the id -un command.
who	Display the user information currently logged in to the system.
w	Displays a list of users who have logged in to the system, and displays the commands the user is executing.
last	Displays the user logged in to the system.
lastlog	Displays the most recent login information of all users in the system.
users	Displays a user list of all users currently logged into the system.
finger	Find and display user information.
Built-in commands and others (19)
echo	Print variables, or directly output the specified string
printf	Format the result to standard output.
rpm	Commands to manage rpm packages.
yum	Commands to automate and simplify the management of rpm packages.
watch	Periodically execute the given command and display the output of the command in full screen.
alias	Set the system alias.
unalias	Cancel the system alias.
date	View or set the system time.
clear	Clear the screen, referred to as clearing the screen.
history	View command execution history.
eject	Eject the optical drive.
time	Calculate command execution time.
nc	Powerful networking tools.
xargs	Convert standard input to command line arguments.
exec	A command that invokes and executes an instruction.
export	Set or display environment variables.
unset	Delete a variable or function.
type	Used to determine whether another command is a built-in command.
bc	Command Line Scientific Calculator
System management and performance monitoring commands (9)
chkconfig	Manage Linux system boot items.
vmstat	Virtual memory statistics.
mpstat	Displays status statistics for each available CPU.
iostat	Statistics system IO.
sar	Comprehensive access to system performance data such as CPU, run queue, disk I/O, paging (swap), memory, CPU interrupts, and network.
ipcs	Used to report the status of the inter-process communication facilities in Linux. The displayed information includes information on message lists, shared memory, and semaphores.
ipcrm	Used to delete one or more message queues, semaphore sets, or shared memory identifiers.
strace	Used to diagnose, debug the Linux user space tracer. We use it to monitor user space process and kernel interactions, such as system calls, signal passing, process state changes, etc.
ltrace	The command will trace the library function calls of the process, it will show which library function is called.
Shutdown/Restart/Logout and View System Information Commands (6)
shutdown	Shut down.
halt	Shut down.
poweroff	Turn off the power.
logout	Exit the currently logged in shell.
exit	Exit the currently logged in shell.
Ctrl+d	Shortcut key to exit the currently logged in shell.
Process management related commands (15)
bg	Turn a command that was paused in the background into a continue execution (execute in the background).
fg	Bring the command in the background to the foreground to continue running.
jobs	See how many commands are currently running in the background.
kill	Terminate the process.
killall	Terminate a process by process name.
pkill	Terminate a process by process name.
crontab	Scheduled task command.
ps	Shows a snapshot of the process.
pstree	Processes are displayed in a tree view.
nice/renice	Adjust the priority of the program to run.
nohup	Runs the specified command ignoring the pending signal.
pgrep	Find processes that match the criteria.
runlevel	View the current run level of the system.
init	Switch runlevels.
service	Starts, stops, restarts, and shuts down system services, and also displays the current status of all system services.

Link: https://www.cnblogs.com/bananaaa/p/7774467.html